Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)

Traditional use

Coltsfoot has long been used as a remedy for respiratory conditions, especially dry, irritating coughs. Historically, the dried leaves were smoked or burned as an inhalant for asthma, bronchitis, and fevers, a practice seen across Europe and parts of Asia. Its traditional use centred around soothing the lungs and cooling heat in the chest, especially in hot, dry coughs that were unproductive or painful.

Clinical Description

The name Tussilago comes from the Latin tussis (cough) and agere (to drive away), literally meaning "cough dispeller"—a direct reference to its primary action. Coltsfoot is traditionally dispensed in syrups or infusions for short-term use to relieve spasmodic, dry, or irritable coughs and to gently moisten the lungs.

It is especially useful in early-stage upper respiratory infections, laryngitis, and dry bronchitis. Coltsfoot is soothing, demulcent, and antitussive, helping reduce cough reflex sensitivity.

However, due to its content of unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) compounds that may pose a hepatotoxic risk in large or prolonged doses, modern herbalists tend to use it in low doses, short durations, or rely on PA-free cultivated extracts when available. Its use is generally avoided during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or in patients with liver conditions.

Cultivation/Harvesting

Coltsfoot is a hardy perennial that spreads via underground rhizomes and thrives in disturbed soils, roadsides, and damp ground. It produces its yellow dandelion-like flowers in early spring, well before the broad, hoof-shaped leaves appear, hence its name.

• Harvest flower stalks in early spring when in bloom.

• Harvest leaves in summer, once fully grown.

• Always dry before use, as the fresh plant contains higher levels of moisture and may be more irritating.

Foragers note: Young coltsfoot leaves resemble those of burdock (Arctium lappa) but are smaller, softer, and have a whitish underside with fine hairs. Ensure correct ID before harvesting.